Respuestas a la sesión de relajación: investigaciones en el deporte

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

Ana Carolina Lima Costa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-0625

Resumen

Este trabajo procuró a conocer el uso de métodos de relajación utilizados en deportistas. Se ha utilizado la revisión bibliográfica se basó en la búsqueda, análisis y interpretación de la literatura científica disponible sobre la relación entre las técnicas de relajación y el deporte de competición. El objetivo general del estudio ha sido identificar y analizar los posibles efectos de la relajación en los deportistas. Para ello, se examinaron los métodos utilizados y las evidencias de eficacia en el proceso de entrenamiento y/o competiciones y admitidos artículos que utilizaron instrumentos y procedimientos de carácter cuantitativo y cualitativo. Los resultados indican que técnicas de relajación posee en su concepción beneficios que son útiles no sólo al bienestar del atleta, sino que también ayuda en la recuperación a nivel físico y psicológico.



##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

Sección
Revisión Teórica
Citas

Bara-Filho, M. G., Ribeiro, L. C. S., Miranda, R., & Teixeira, T. (2002). A redução dos níveis de cortisol sanguíneo através da técnica de relaxamento progressivo em nadadores. Revista Brasileira Medicina Esporte, 8(4), 139–143. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-86922002000400002


Barker, J. B., & Jones, M. V. (2008). The Effects of Hypnosis on Self-Efficacy, Affect, and Soccer Performance: A Case Study. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 2(2), 127–147. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2.2.127





Barker, J. B., Jones, M. V, & Greenlees, I. (2010). Assessing the Immediate and Maintained Effects of Hypnosis on Self-Efficacy and Soccer Wall-Volley Performance. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 32(2), 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.32.2.243


Bernier, M., Thienot, E., Codron, R., & Fournier, J. F. (2009). Mindfulness and Acceptance Approaches in Sport Performance. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 3(4), 320–333. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.3.4.320


Bhambri, E., Dhillon, P. K., & Sahni, S. P. (2005). Effect of psychological interventions in enhancing mental toughness dimensions of sports persons. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 31(1–2), 65–70. https://docplayer.net/7476000-Effect-of-psychological-interventions-in-enhancing-mental-toughness-dimensions-of-sports-persons.html


Bousingen, R. D. de. (1997). La Relajación. (3a ed.). Paidotribo.


Briegel-Jones, R. M. H., Knowles, Z., Eubank, M. R., Giannoulatos, K., & Elliot, D. (2013). A Preliminary Investigation into the Effect of Yoga Practice on Mindfulness and Flow in Elite Youth Swimmers. The Sport Psychologist, 27(4), 349–359. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.27.4.349


Brunelle, J.-F., Blais-Coutu, S., Gouadec, K., Bédard, É., & Fait, P. (2015). Influences of a yoga intervention on the postural skills of the Italian short track speed skating team. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, 6, 23–35. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S68337


Calder, A. (2007). Recovery and Regeneration for Long-Term Athlete Development. Canadian Sport for Life (p. 11). https://es.scribd.com/document/101646054/Recovery-and-Regeneration-for-Long-Term-Athlete-Development


González, G., Valdivia-Moral, P., Zagalaz, J. C., & Ortega, F. Z. (2016). Visualisation and goal-setting in footballers. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 11(2), 279–292. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2016.112.01


Díaz, M. M., Bocanegra, O. L., Teixeira, R. R., Tavares, M., Soares, S. S., & Espindola, F. S. (2013). The Relationship Between The Cortisol Awekening Response , Mood States, and Performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(5), 1340–1348. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318267a612


Fletcher, D., & Hanton, S. (2001). The relationship between psychological skills usage and competitive anxiety responses. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2(2), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1469-0292(00)00014-5


Goodman, F. R., Kashdan, T. B., Mallard, T. T., & Schumann, M. (2014). A brief mindfulness and yoga intervention with an entire NCAA Division I athletic team: An initial investigation. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 1(4), 339–356. https://doi.org/10.1037/cns0000022


Gracz, J., Walczak, M., & Wilińska, K. (2007). Seeking New Methods of Mental Training in Sport. Studies in Physical Culture & Tourism, 14(1), 97–102. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20073289096


Greco, L. A., Baer, R. A., & Smith, G. T. (2011). Assessing mindfulness in children and adolescents: Development and validation of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM). Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 606–614. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022819


Haney, C. J. (2004). Stress-Management interventions for female athlete: Relaxation and cognitive reestructure. International Journal of Sports Physiology, 35(2), 109–118. https://www.tib.eu/en/search/id/BLSE%3ARN153367448/Stress-management-interventions-for-female-athletes/


Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Galanis, E., Zourbanos, N., & Theodorakis, Y. (2014). Self-talk and Competitive Sport Performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 26(1), 82–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2013.790095


Holland, M. J. G., Woodcock, C., Cumming, J., & Duda, J. L. (2010). Mental Qualities and Employed Mental Techniques of Young Elite Team Sport Athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 4(1), 19-38. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.4.1.19


Jackson, S. A., Martin, A. J., & Eklund, R. C. (2008). Long and short measures of flow: The construct validity of the FSS-2, DFS-2, and new brief counterparts. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30(5), 561-587. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.30.5.561


Jithendra, V. S., & Shahin, A. (2014). Effect of Jacobson’s Deep Muscle Relaxation On Sports Team Relationship Of Under-18 Cricketers. International Journal of Sports Sciences and Fitness, 4(1), 82–88. http://ijssf.org/PDF/v04issue01abs07.pdf


Juliff, L. E., Halson, S. L., & Peiffer, J. J. (2015). Understanding sleep disturbance in athletes prior to important competitions. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 18(1), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.02.007


Klockare, E., Gustafsson, H., Davis, P., & Lundqvist, C. (2015). Track and field athletes’ experiences and perceived effects of flotation-REST: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 46(5), 409–428. https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP.2015.46.409


Koehn, S., Morris, T., & Watt, A. P. (2014). Imagery Intervention to Increase Flow State and Performance in Competition. The Sport Psychologist, 28(1), 48–59. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2012-0106


Kudlackova, K., Eccles, D. W., & Dieffenbach, K. (2013). Use of relaxation skills in differentially skilled athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(4), 468–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.01.007


Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009). The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and elaboration. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), 28. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100


Lima-Costa, A. C., Sanz-Arribas, I., & Hernández-Álvarez, J. L. (2019). Efectos De La Intervención Con El Método Watsu En Jóvenes Nadadores De Competición Brasileños: Asistencia, Necesidades Y Efectos Experimentados. Revista de Investigación En Actividades Acuáticas, 3(6), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.21134/riaa.v3i6.377


Macías, M. Á. F. (2014). Flow en corredores de maratón, futbolistas, nadadores y jugadores de rugby. [Tesis doctoral]. Universidad Pablo de Olavide. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/tesis?codigo=102528


Maniar, S. D., Curry, L. A., Sommers-Flanagan, J., Walsh, J. A., Curry, L. A., Sommers-Flanagan, J., & Walsh, J. A. (2001). Student-Athlete Preferences in Seeking Help When Confronted with Sport Performance Problems. The Sport Psychologist, 15(2), 205–223. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.15.2.205


McAleney, P., & Barabasz, A. (1993). Effects of Flotation REST and Visual Imagery on Athletic Performance: Tennis. In A. F. Barabasz & M. Barabasz (Eds.), Restricted Environmental Stimulation (pp. 79–86). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8583-7_10


McDonough, M. H., Hadd, V., Crocker, P. R. E., Holt, N. L., Tamminen, K. A., & Schonert-Reichi, K. (2013). Stress and Coping Among Adolescents Across a Competitive Swim Season. The Sport Psychologist, 27(2), 143-155. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.27.2.143


Mercado, C. (1984). Preparación psico-física en deportistas. Técnicas de relajación. Apunts Educació Física y Deportes, 21(82), 103–108. https://www.apunts.org/en-pdf-X0213371784048602


Mikicin, M., & Kowalczyk, M. (2015). Audio-Visual and Autogenic Relaxation Alter Amplitude of Alpha EEG Band, Causing Improvements in Mental Work Performance in Athletes. Applied Psychophysiology Biofeedback, 40(3), 219–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-015-9290-0


Mistretta, E. G., Glass, C. R., Spears, C. A., Perskaudas, R., Kaufman, K. A., & Hoyer, D. (2017). Collegiate Athletes’ Expectations and Experiences With Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 11(3), 201–221. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2016-0043


Mrazek, M. D., Broadway, J. M., Phillips, D. T., Franklin, M. S., Mooneyham, B. W., & Schooler, J. W. (2014). Mindfulness: An Antidote for Wandering Minds. In A. Ie, C. T. Ngnoumen, & E. J. Langer (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Mindfulness (pp. 153–167). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118294895.ch8


NCCAM, C. (2011). Relaxation Techniques for Health: An Introduction. National Institutes of Health. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/relaxation-techniques-for-health


Norris, S. R., Hogg, J., Holt, L., Tihanyi, J., Lefebvre, A., Kemp, N., Balyi, I., Way, R., Radford, K., Moss, A., & Martin, R. (2008). Long term athlete development strategy (Swimming/Natation Canada. (ed.)). Swimming Canada. https://swimming.ca/content/uploads/2015/06/ltad_en.pdf


Ottoboni, G., Giusti, R., Gatta, A., Symes, E., & Tessari, A. (2014). Just do it: Embodied experiences improve Taekwondo athletes sport performance. Sensoria: A Journal of Mind, Brain & Culture, 10(1), 28–33. https://doi.org/10.7790/sa.v10i1.386


Patil, S. G., Mullur, L. M., Khodnapur, J. P., Dhanakshirur, G. B., & Aithala, M. R. (2013). Effect of yoga on short-term heart rate variability measure as a stress index in subjunior cyclists: a pilot study. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 57(2), 153–158. https://www.ijpp.com/IJPP%20archives/2013_57_2_Apr%20-%20Jun/153-158.pdf


Payné, R. A. (2010). Técnicas de Relajación. Guía práctica para el profesional de la salud. (3ª Ed.). Paidotribo.


Payné, R. A. (2010). Técnicas de Relajación. Guía práctica para el profesional de la salud. Paidotribo.


Polsgrove, M. J., Eggleston, B. M., & Lockyer, R. J. (2016). Impact of 10-weeks of yoga practice on flexibility and balance of college athletes. International Journal of Yoga, 9(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-6131.171710


Raju, P. S., Madhavi, S., Prasad, K. V. V, Reddy, M. V, Reddy, M. E., Sahay, B. K., & Murthy, K. J. R. (1994). Comparison of effects of yoga & physical exercise in athletes. The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 100(8), 81-87. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7927562/


Scott-Hamilton, J., Schutte, N. S., & Brown, R. F. (2016). Effects of a Mindfulness Intervention on Sports-Anxiety, Pessimism, and Flow in Competitive Cyclists. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 8(1), 85–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12063


Sharifah Maimunah, S. M. P., & Hashim, H. A. (2016). Differential Effects of 7 and 16 Groups of Muscle Relaxation Training Following Repeated Submaximal Intensity Exercise in Young Football Players. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 122(1), 227-237. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512515625383


Singer, R. N. (1982). Thought Processes and Emotions in Sport. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 10(7), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1982.11947273


Slimani, M., Hentati, A., Bouazizi, M., Boudhiba, D., Amar, I. Ben, & Chéour, F. (2014). Effects of Monological and Sophrological Trainings on the Development of Attention and Retention in Tunisian Male Kick Boxers. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 19(5), 23-25. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-19512325


Smith, J. C. (1999). ABC Relaxation Theory. An Evidence Based Approach. Springer Publishing Co. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1999-04090-000


Stevens, M. J., & Lane, A. M. (2001). Mood-Regulating Strategies Used By Athletes. Athletic Insight, 3(3), 1–12. http://www.athleticinsight.com/Vol3Iss3/MoodPDF.pdf


Suedfeld, P., & Bruno, T. (1990). Flotation REST and Imagery in the Improvement of Athletic Performance. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 12(1), 82–85. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.12.1.82


Undurraga, C. (1994). Las relajaciones. Psykhe, 3(1), 27–34. http://www.revistaaisthesis.uc.cl/index.php/psykhe/article/view/20119


Walsh, A. E. (2011). The Relaxation Response: A Strategy to Address Stress. International Journal of Athletic Therapy & Training, 16(2), 20–23. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijatt.16.2.20


 



Cómo citar
Lima Costa, A. C. (2021). Respuestas a la sesión de relajación:. Revista Ciencias De La Actividad Física UCM, 22(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.29035/rcaf.22.2.9