Estereotipos de género, homofobia y transfobia en estudiantes de primer año de Educación Física

Abstract

Gender stereotypes are beliefs about the characteristics and roles of men and women, and homophobia and transphobia are prejudices, rejection and discrimination against gay and transgender people. In recent decades, evidence has been found of brain-based and embryonic hormones involved in sexual orientation and gender identity. The objective of this research was to know the gender stereotypes, levels of homophobia and transphobia, and knowledge about the biology of homosexuality and transsexuality in 1st year Physical Education students. Applied a sociodemographic survey, the Bem Sexual Roles Inventory, the EHF-10 homophobia scale and the negative attitudes towards trans people scale (EANT) 92 first-year students. The results show that there are no significant differences in the masculinity and femininity scores according to the sex of the sample, with a predominance of the androgynous category in men and women. The scores for homophobia and transphobia are low (less than 2 points), with differences according to sex of birth, sexual orientation and religious beliefs. Only a relationship was found between the femininity scores and the levels of transphobia. The prevalence of androgyny in women and men is associated with increased empathy, social adaptation and emotional skills in future physical education teachers/s. It is necessary to strengthen initial teacher training with elements linked to the acceptance of others/as, with an explicit approach to gender and sexuality issues.